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ENOXAPARIN

ENOXAPARIN

(Low Molecular Weight Heparin)

Guidelines for Use

It is considered appropriate to use enoxaparin for:

1. Prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, in:

    • Patients undergoing hip replacement surgery or knee replacement surgery during and

following hospitalization.

    • Trauma patients with long bone and pelvic fractures
    • Patients undergoing surgery of the abdominal or pelvic area with malignancy when there

are multiple risk factors. (chemotherapy malignant disorder, hormone therapy, prolonged immobilization, presence of indwelling central venous catheter).

  1. Short term (2-5 day) prevention of ischemic events in patients with unstable angina and/or non-Q-wave MI when concurrently administered with aspirin.
  2. Treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism. (Warfarin therapy initiated within 24 hours)
  3. Treatment of pregnant patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or thrombophilic disorders.
  4. Unfractionated heparin should be used in all other instances and also for the indications listed above if there is the chance of emergent procedures being necessary.

Dose:

Hip or Knee Replacement Surgery: 30 mg subcutaneously twice a day to begin within 24 hours of surgery and to continue 10-14 days- reasons for longer therapy should be documented

Hip replacement surgery: 40 mg once a day SC given 12 hours prior to surgery to continue for 21 days.

Abdominal Surgery: 40mg once a day SC, initial dose given 2 hours prior to surgery (usual duration 7-10 days.

Unstable angina and Non-Q Wave Myocardial Infarction: 1mg/kg SQ q 12 h - no more than 150mg q 12 hr. until stabilized or discharged. (Avoid enoxaparin for 6-8 hours prior and post vascular access sheath removal.)

Treatment of DVT: 1mg/kg every 12 hours SQ (or 1.5mg daily) until INR from warfarin = 2-3.

Monitor:

1. Pre-operative coagulation values if medical history indicates

2. Renal Function if age or medical history indicates

3. Complete blood counts, including platelet count and stool occult blood tests initially and periodicaly during therapy lasting > 5 days.

  1. Adverse events-major bleeding with drop in hemoglobin>2g/dl; thrombocytopenia-platelets less than 100,000 mm3. Fever, hemorrhage ecchymosis, edema local hematoma and erythema.

5. Consider Anti Factor Xa in patients with significant renal impairment(<30ml/ml) or if abnormal coagulation parameters or bleeding occurs

6. Signs and symptoms of neurologic impairment in patients given epidural/spinal anesthesia or spinal puncture

Outcomes:

Patient does not develop a deep vein thrombus or pulmonary embolism

Patient experiences resolution of DVT without incident.

Patient does not experience an adverse event with enoxaparin.



University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205

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